Q: What is the prime factorization of the number 426,116,423?

Why is the prime factorization of 426,116,423 written as 23¹ x 1,543¹ x 12,007¹?

What is prime factorization?

Prime factorization or prime factor decomposition is the process of finding which prime numbers can be multiplied together to make the original number.

Finding the prime factors of 426,116,423

To find the prime factors, you start by dividing the number by the first prime number, which is 2. If there is not a remainder, meaning you can divide evenly, then 2 is a factor of the number. Continue dividing by 2 until you cannot divide evenly anymore. Write down how many 2's you were able to divide by evenly. Now try dividing by the next prime factor, which is 3. The goal is to get to a quotient of 1.

Here are the first several prime factors: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29...

Let's start by dividing 426,116,423 by 2

426,116,423 ÷ 2 = 213,058,211.5 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
426,116,423 ÷ 3 = 142,038,807.6667 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
426,116,423 ÷ 5 = 85,223,284.6 - This has a remainder. Let's try another prime number.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
426,116,423 ÷ 23 = 18,526,801 - No remainder! 23 is one of the factors!
18,526,801 ÷ 23 = 805,513.087 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 23 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
18,526,801 ÷ 29 = 638,855.2069 - This has a remainder. 29 is not a factor.
18,526,801 ÷ 31 = 597,638.7419 - This has a remainder. 31 is not a factor.
18,526,801 ÷ 37 = 500,724.3514 - This has a remainder. 37 is not a factor.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
18,526,801 ÷ 1,543 = 12,007 - No remainder! 1,543 is one of the factors!
12,007 ÷ 1,543 = 7.7816 - There is a remainder. We can't divide by 1543 evenly anymore. Let's try the next prime number
12,007 ÷ 1,549 = 7.7515 - This has a remainder. 1,549 is not a factor.
12,007 ÷ 1,553 = 7.7315 - This has a remainder. 1,553 is not a factor.
12,007 ÷ 1,559 = 7.7017 - This has a remainder. 1,559 is not a factor.
...
Keep trying increasingly larger numbers until you find one that divides evenly.
...
12,007 ÷ 12,007 = 1 - No remainder! 12,007 is one of the factors!

The orange divisor(s) above are the prime factors of the number 426,116,423. If we put all of it together we have the factors 23 x 1,543 x 12,007 = 426,116,423. It can also be written in exponential form as 23¹ x 1,543¹ x 12,007¹.

Factor Tree

Another way to do prime factorization is to use a factor tree. Below is a factor tree for the number 426,116,423.

	426,116,423
23		18,526,801
	1,543		12,007

More Prime Factorization Examples

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